Fascia Information
A fascia ( /
ˈ
f
æ
ʃ
i
ə
/; plural fasciae /
ˈ
f
æ
ʃ
ɨ
.
iː
/; adjective fascial; from latin: "band") is a layer of fibrous tissue[1] that permeates the human body. A fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as plastic wrap can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches together.[2] It consists of several layers: a superficial fascia, a deep fascia, and a subserous (or visceral) fascia and extends uninterrupted from the head to the tip of the toes.[3]
Like ligaments, aponeuroses, and tendons, fasciae are dense regular connective tissues, containing closely packed bundles of collagen fibers oriented in a wavy pattern parallel to the direction of pull. Fasciae are consequently flexible structures able to resist great unidirectional tension forces until the wavy pattern of fibers has been straightened out by the pulling force. These collagen fibers are produced by the fibroblasts located within the fascia.[2]
Definition
There exists some controversy about what structures are considered "fascia", and how fascia should be classified.[4] The two most common systems are:
Function
Fasciae are normally thought of as passive structures that transmit mechanical tension generated by muscular activities or external forces throughout the body. Some research suggest that fasciae might be able to contract independently and thus actively influence muscle dynamics.[6]
The function of muscle fasciae is to reduce friction to minimize the reduction of muscular force. In doing so, fasciae allow muscles to glide over each other.[7]
See also
References
- ^ "fascia" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ a b Marieb, Elaine Nicpon; Hoehn, Katja (2007). Human anatomy & physiology. Pearson Education. p. 133. ISBN 9780321372949. http://books.google.com/books?id=x1uEB68iitwC&pg=PA133.
- ^ "Self Myofascial Release". http://www.sport-fitness-advisor.com/self-myofascial-release.html. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
- ^ Committee on Anatomical Termi, Federative. Terminologia Anatomica: International Anatomical Terminology. Thieme Stuttgart. pp. 33. ISBN 3-13-114361-4.
- ^ Skandalakis, John E.; Skandalakis, P.N.; Skandalakis, L.J.; Skandalakis, J. (2002). Surgical Anatomy and Technique, 2nd Ed.. Atlanta, GA: Springer. pp. 1–2. ISBN 0-38798-752-5.
- ^ Schleip, R; Klingler, F; Horn (2005). "Active fascial contractility: Fascia may be able to contract in a smooth muscle-like manner and thereby influence musculoskeletal dynamics". Medical Hypotheses 65 (2): 273–7. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2005.03.005. PMID 15922099.
- ^ Faller, A; Schuenke, M (2004) The Human Body, Thieme, p 127
External links
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Look up fascia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
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Muscular system (TA A04.0, GA 4.361) |
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| Topics |
Muscular tissue · Muscles of the human body
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| Types of muscles |
Cardiac muscle · Skeletal muscle · Smooth muscle
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| Other |
Unipennate muscle · Bipennate muscle · Origin · Insertion · Fascia (Superficial fascia, Deep fascia, Visceral fascia) · Tendon/Aponeurosis · Fascial compartment
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: MUS, DF+DRCT
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noco(, , )/()/, /,
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, drug (/)
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List of muscles of head and neck: the head (TA A04.1, GA 4.378) |
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| Extraocular (CN III, IV, VI) |
oblique (inferior, superior) · rectus (superior, inferior, medial, lateral) · levator palpebrae superioris (superior tarsal)
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| Mastication (CN V3) |
masseter · temporalis (sphenomandibularis) · pterygoid (lateral, medial)
fascia: Masseteric fascia · Temporal fascia · Deep portion: cementomaxillary tendon · Superficial portion: cementomandibular tendon
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| Facial (CN VII) |
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| Palate/fauces (CN IX, X, XI)
(except TVP=V3) |
veli palatini (tensor, levator) · musculus uvulae · palatopharyngeus (to pharynx) · palatoglossus (to tongue)
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| Tongue (CN XII) |
extrinsic (genioglossus, hyoglossus/chondroglossus, styloglossus, and palatoglossus) · intrinsic (superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse, vertical)
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: MUS, DF+DRCT
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noco(, , )/()/, /,
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, drug (/)
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List of muscles of head and neck: the neck (TA A04.2, GA 4.387) |
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| Cervical |
CN VII (superficial, PC): platysma
CN XI (deep): sternocleidomastoid
C1–C6 (anterior): Prevertebral muscles: longus (capitis, colli)
C3–C8 (lateral): scalene (anterior, medius, posterior)
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| Suboccipital |
C1: rectus capitis posterior (major, minor) · obliquus capitis (inferior, superior)
C1–C6 (anterior): Prevertebral muscles: rectus capitis (anterior, lateralis)
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| Suprahyoid |
CN V3 (medial): mylohyoid · anterior belly of digastric
CN VII (lateral): stylohyoid · posterior belly of digastric
C1 (deep): geniohyoid
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| Infrahyoid/strap |
C1: thyrohyoid
C1–C3: sternohyoid · sternothyroid · omohyoid
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| Fasciae |
Deep cervical fascia (Pretracheal fascia, Prevertebral fascia, Investing layer) · Carotid sheath · Alar fascia
pharynx: Buccopharyngeal fascia · Pharyngobasilar fascia
Palatine aponeurosis
Pharyngeal raphe
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| Pharynx |
pharyngeal constrictor (superior, middle, inferior) · longitudinal (stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus)
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| Larynx |
cricothyroid · cricoarytenoid (posterior, lateral) · arytenoid (oblique arytenoid/aryepiglottic, transverse arytenoid) · thyroarytenoid (vocal, thyroepiglottic)
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: MUS, DF+DRCT
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(/, , /, /, )///
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noco(, , )/()/, /,
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List of muscles of thorax and back (TA A04.3–4, GA 4.397) |
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| Back |
splenius (capitis, cervicis) · erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis) · latissimus dorsi
transversospinales: (semispinalis dorsi, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis capitis, multifidus, rotatores) · interspinales · intertransversarii
Vertebral column: trapezius · latissimus dorsi · rhomboid (major, minor) · levator scapulae
fascia: Thoracolumbar fascia
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| Thorax |
intercostales (external, internal, innermost) · subcostales · transversus thoracis · levatores costarum · serratus posterior (inferior, superior) · diaphragm
Thoracic cavity: pectoralis major · pectoralis minor · subclavius · serratus anterior
fascia: Pectoral fascia · Clavipectoral fascia
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: MUS, DF+DRCT
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(/, , /, /, )///
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noco(, , )/()/, /,
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, drug (/)
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List of muscles of abdominopelvic cavity (TA A04.5, GA 4.408) |
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| Abdomen/
wall |
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Anterior/
lateral
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Posterior
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| Pelvis |
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: MUS, DF+DRCT
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(/, , /, /, )///
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noco(, , )/()/, /,
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, drug (/)
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List of muscles of upper limbs (TA A04.6, GA 4.432) |
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| Shoulder |
deltoid · rotator cuff (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis) · teres major
fascia: Deltoid fascia · Supraspinous fascia · Infraspinous fascia
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| Arm
(compartments) |
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| Forearm |
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| Hand |
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: MUS, DF+DRCT
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(/, , /, /, )///
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noco(, , )/()/, /,
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, drug (/)
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List of muscles of lower limbs (TA A04.7, GA 4.465) |
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| ILIAC Region
/ ILIOPSOAS |
psoas major/psoas minor · iliacus
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| BUTTOCKS |
gluteals: (maximus, medius, minimus) · tensor fasciae latae
lateral rotator group: quadratus femoris · inferior gemellus · obturator internus · superior gemellus · piriformis
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| THIGH /
compartments |
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| LEG/
Crus/
compartments |
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| FOOT |
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: MUS, DF+DRCT
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(/, , /, /, )///
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noco(, , )/()/, /,
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, drug (/)
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Categories: Soft tissue | Muscular system
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